Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice, Second Edition

• Author: Andrew Mishlove, James Nesci
• ISBN 10: 1-936360-78-0
• ISBN 13: 978-1-936360-78-9
• Copyright Date 2nd Ed: 05/20/2020
• Pages: 480
• Binding Information: Casebound with DVD
• Size: 8.5 X 11 Inches (US)

For even the most seasoned attorney admitted to practice in the State of Wisconsin, defending OWI cases has always presented special challenges. Today mounting a successful defense is more difficult than ever. Now you have the advantage with Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice, Second Edition. This text and supplementary DVD contains the most important information to help you attain a successful verdict.

Written by Andrew Mishlove and James Nesci, both members of the National College for DUI Defense,Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice, Second Edition ensures that you understand the chemical, biological and technological concepts and issues underlying OWI prosecution and defense in the State of Wisconsin. The authors provide the most up-to-date information available on key areas of OWI law in Wisconsin including: OWI Investigations, Driving and Field Sobriety Testing, Drug Recognition, Evaluation and Chemical Testing, Blood Alcohol Calculations, Pre-trial Investigations and Motions, Practice, Plea Offers and Agreements, OWI Trial Procedures, and more.

Many practical tools and applications designed to streamline and simplify the complex OWI defense process have been developed along with this book. They are all included on a bonus DVD--so you can locate, review and print them out in a matter of seconds. The companion DVD contains NHTSA studies, articles and visual detection videos.

Lawyers & Judges has published twenty state-specific DUI defense reference books. The Wisconsin Lawyer reviewer gave Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice First Edition, a touchdown review, calling the book “the best book I have read pertaining to Wisconsin operating-while-intoxicated (OWI) law, and one of the best in dealing with the substance of OWI law.”

Book Topics Include:

• Types of OWI
• Role of the Motor Vehicle Division
• Pre-trial investigation
• OWI investigations
• Driving behavior
• Field sobriety testing
• Drug recognition
• Chemical testing for alcohol and drugs
• Blood alcohol calculations
• Use of expert witnesses
• Pre-trial motions
• Plea offers
• Revised sentencing charts
• OWI jury trial information
• Client relations
• Ethics and advertising

DVD topics include:

• Selected Wisconsin Statutes
• ARIDE Manuals
• BD Vacutainer Recall
• DRE Manuals & Materials
• Law Enforcement Phlebotomy
• USDOT "Drugs That Impair Driving" student manual and teacher manual
• USDOT "DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing" student manual and teacher manual
• SFST validation studies
• USDOT "SFST Refresher Training Course" student manual and teacher manual
• MVD court abstracts
• NHTSA "Driving Cues Pamphlets"
• NHTSA "Driving Drugs & BAC Studies"
• NHTSA "SFST Manuals and Validation Studies"
• NHTSA visual detection videos
• And more!

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ..........................................................iii

How to Use This Book ......................................................iii

Table of Cases ...................................................................xi

Introduction ..................................................................... xv

Chapter 1: Lawyer Advertising ....................................... 1

1.1 Ethical Issues ................................................................ 1

SCR 20:7.1 Communications concerning a lawyer’s

services .................................................................... 2

SCR 20:7.2 Advertising ............................................... 2

SCR 20:7.3 Direct contact with prospective clients .... 2

SCR 20:7.4 Communication of fields of practice or

specialization ........................................................... 3

SCR 20:7.5 Firm names and letterheads ...................... 3

1.2 Advertising Resources .................................................. 3

1. Phone Book Advertising ......................................... 3
2. Internet Advertising ................................................. 4
3. Giveaways ............................................................... 4
4. Television and Radio ............................................... 4
5. Print Advertising ..................................................... 5

1.3 Marketing Advice ......................................................... 5

1. Tiftickjian’s Ten Marketing Tips to Build a Better

Practice and Life ..................................................... 5

1.4 Social Media ................................................................. 8

1. Ethical Concerns ..................................................... 8
2. Confidentiality vs. Privilege ................................... 8
3. The 3 Tenets of Social Media: Timeliness, Honesty,and Transparency .................................................... 9

1. Faceboook ............................................................... 9
2. Twitter .................................................................. 10
3. Social Media as a Research Tool ........................... 10
4. Final Thoughts on Social Media ........................... 10

Endnotes ............................................................................ 11

Chapter 2: Client Relations ............................................ 13

2.1 Meeting the Prospective Client; The Client’s Full Story

is Critical ........................................................................... 13

2.2 Client Intake Questions ............................................... 16

2.3 Legal Fees and Fee Agreements ................................. 17

2.4 IOLTA ......................................................................... 19

2.5 Communication ........................................................... 20

2.6 Opening the File .......................................................... 21

2.7 Open Records Requests and Discovery ..................... 21

1. Introduction and Summary ................................... 21
2. Open Records or Discovery; Which is

Preferable? ............................................................ 22

1. Open Records ........................................................ 22
2. Discovery .............................................................. 19
3. Discovery and Open Records Checklists .............. 26

2.9 Investigation ................................................................ 27

1. Visiting the Scene ................................................. 27
2. Photography and Videos ....................................... 27
3. Diagrams and Aerial Photography ........................ 29
4. Accident Reconstruction ....................................... 29

D1. Driver Identification ..................................... 30

D2. Speed ............................................................. 30

D3. Vehicle Lights ............................................... 31

D4. Event Data Recorders ................................... 31

D4a. Manufacturer’s Obligations ................... 34

D4b. Admissibility of Data & Expert

Testimony ....................................................... 34

Endnotes ............................................................................ 35

Chapter 3: An Overview of OWI, OWI Injury, and

OWI Homicide ................................................................ 37

3.1 Wisconsin OWI Law: A Two-Tier System .................. 37

3.2 Wis. Stat. §346.63: Operating Under Influence of Intoxicant

or Other Drug ...................................................... 37

1. Elements of the Offenses ..................................... 38
2. Definition of “Operating” and “Driving” .............. 38
3. Definition of “Highway” ....................................... 38
4. Difference Between ‘Motor Vehicle’ and

‘Vehicle’ ..................................................................... 39

1. Definition of “Under the Influence of an

Intoxicant” ................................................................. 40

1. Definition of “Prohibited Alcohol Concentration”

(PAC) .................................................................... 40

3.3 Commercial Drivers Licenses: A Lower BAC Threshold

..................................................................................... 40

3.4 Prohibition Against the Employment of Operators Carrying

Passengers for Hire .................................................. 40

3.5 Operating a Motor Vehicle While Under the Influence

of Illegal Drugs ................................................................. 41

3.6 OWI with a Minor Under Age 16 in the Vehicle at the

Time of the Offense .......................................................... 42

i Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice, Second Edition

3.7 Causing Injury to Another while Operating a Vehicle

While Intoxicated (OWI Causing Injury) ......................... 42

1. Elements of the OWI Causing Injury Offense ...... 43
2. Definition of “Injury” ...................................... 43
3. Affirmative Defenses to OWI Causing Injury ...... 43

3.8 Causing Great Bodily Harm or Homicide by Intoxicated

Use of a Vehicle (OWI Causing Great Bodily Harm

or Death) ........................................................................... 43

1. Elements of Injury by Intoxicated Use of Vehicle

and Homicide by Intoxicated Use of Vehicle........ 45

1. Causation in OWI Homicide ................................. 45
2. Definition of “Great Bodily Harm” ................. 46
3. Affirmative Defenses Injury by Intoxicated Use of

a Vehicle and Homicide by Intoxicated Use of a

Vehicle ................................................................... 46

1. Homicide by Negligent Operation of a Vehicle .... 46

3.9 Refusal Violations ....................................................... 47

3.10 Minors: Absolute Sobriety ........................................ 47

3.11 Counting Prior Offenses ............................................ 47

1. Prior Administrative Suspension .......................... 48
2. Prior “Court Supervision” of Deferred

Prosecution ................................................................ 48

1. Out of State “DWAI” ............................................ 48
2. Out of State “Zero Tolerance” or “Zero Tolerance

Refusal” ................................................................. 48

1. Failure to Appear in Court on Drunk Driving

Charge ................................................................... 48

1. Out of State “Wet Reckless” or Reckless Driving

Amended From Drunk Driving ............................. 48

3.12 Legislative Limits on Plea Negotiating ..................... 48

3.13 Penalties and Sentencing under Wisconsin OWI

Law ................................................................................... 48

3.14 Ignition Interlock Device .......................................... 52

Endnotes ............................................................................ 52

Chapter 4: Driver’s Licence Actions: The Department

of Transportation, Suspension, Revocation and

Administrative Matters. Illinois Drivers ....................... 55

4.1 Suspension and Revocation ........................................ 55

4.2 Administrative Suspensions ........................................ 55

343. Wis. Stat. §343.305 Procedures ............................ 55
344. Notice of Intent to Suspend Operating Privilege .. 56
345. Administrative Review Request ............................ 56
346. Witnesses .............................................................. 57
347. Administrative Review Hearing ............................ 57
348. Defenses to Administrative Suspension ................. 58
349. Judicial Review of an Administrative

Suspension ............................................................ 58

4.3 Revocations and the Out of State Driver .................... 58

1. Out of State Revocation with a Wisconsin Driver’s

License .................................................................. 58

1. American Indian Tribal Court Revocation of a Wisconsin

Driver License ........................................... 59

1. Effect of a Wisconsin Revocation on an Out of

State License: The Driver’s License Compact:

Illinois Drivers ...................................................... 59

4.4 Driver’s License Reinstatements and Renewals ......... 60

1. Reinstatement after Revocation ............................ 60
2. The Occupational License ..................................... 61
3. Occupational License Denial and Court Petition .. 61

Endnotes ............................................................................ 63

Chapter 5: Pre-Trial Motions ........................................ 65

5.1 Overview ..................................................................... 65

5.2 Procedural Motions ..................................................... 65

1. Motion to Extend Time to File Pre-Trial

Motions ................................................................. 65

1. Notice of Retainer, Not Guilty Plea and Jury Demand,

E-filing and Opting-In ................................ 65

5.3 Substantive Motions – Search and Seizure ................. 66

1. Evidentiary Hearings ............................................ 66
2. Necessity of an Evidentiary Hearing .................... 66

5.4 Stop, Detention, Preliminary Breath Test and Arrest .. 67

5.5 Motion to Suppress Evidence Derived from a Forced

Blood Draw, With or Without a Warrant ........................... 68

5.6 Motion to Suppress Statements: Miranda-Goodchild

Hearings ............................................................................ 70

5.7 Collateral Attack Motions ........................................... 71

1. Ernst-Pickens Motions .......................................... 71
2. Suriano Motions .................................................... 71
3. Rohner Motions ..................................................... 72
4. Dalton Motions ..................................................... 72

5.8 Violation of the Right to an Independent Test ............ 73

5.9 Motions in Limine ....................................................... 74

5.10 Daubert Motions ....................................................... 75

Endnotes ............................................................................ 75

Chapter 6: Implied Consent Violations: Refusal

Charges ............................................................................ 79

6.1 Overview ..................................................................... 79

6.2 Informing the Accused ................................................ 81

1. Adequacy of the Informing the Accused

Process .................................................................. 81

1. Persons who do not speak English or have a

hearing impairment ......................................... 81

2. Officers who add or delete information from the

form ................................................................. 81

6.3 Procedural Issues in a Refusal Case ............................ 82

1. Special Proceeding ................................................ 82
2. Time Limits: How Counted? ................................. 82
3. Time Limits: No Cure of Default .......................... 82

6.4 Refusal Hearings ......................................................... 82

1. Probable Cause for Arrest ..................................... 83
2. Recantation ............................................................ 83
3. Alternative Test Request ....................................... 83
4. Forced Blood Draws ............................................. 83
5. No Right to Counsel Prior to Chemical Testing .... 84
6. The Fact of Refusal: Issues with Admissibility at

Trial ....................................................................... 84

Endnotes ............................................................................ 84

Table of Cases ii

Chapter 7: Plea Negotiations ......................................... 87

7.1 Overview ..................................................................... 87

7.2 Waiver of Rights ......................................................... 89

7.3 Collateral Consequences ............................................. 89

7.4 Exposure of Prior Offenses ......................................... 90

7.5 Immigration Consequences ......................................... 90

7.6 Lesser Offenses .......................................................... 90

7.7 Factors that May Be Changed Subject to Wis. Stat.

• 967.055............................................................................ 90

7.8 Tag-Along Citations .................................................... 91

Endnotes ............................................................................ 91

Appendix 7.1: Overcoming Criminal Inadmissibility to

Canada ............................................................................... 92

Chapter 8: The Trial and Sentencing .......................... 125

8.1 A Trial is a Storytelling Competition ........................ 125

8.2 Trial Overview .......................................................... 127

8.3 Voir Dire and Jury Selection ..................................... 127

1. Establishing Rapport with the Jury ..................... 127
2. Voir Dire Issues and Mechanics .......................... 128
3. Voir Dire Statutes and Cases ............................... 131

8.4 Opening Statements .................................................. 133

8.5 Cross-Examination .................................................... 134

1. The Stop Officer ................................................. 135
2. Officer’s background and training ................. 136
3. The Driving ......................................................... 136
4. Speed, time and distance calculations ........... 136
5. The stop.......................................................... 137
6. First contact ................................................... 138
7. Exit from vehicle ........................................... 140
8. The Investigating Officer .................................... 141
9. HGN (Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus or “Here

Goes Nothing”) ............................................. 141

2. SFSTs (or RAMs—Roadside Agility Maneuvers)

............................................................... 142

3. Miranda and interrogation ............................. 143
4. Cross Examination of Officer Charlie by Mr.

Nesci ................................................................... 146

1. The Back-Up Officer ........................................... 158
2. Victims ................................................................. 159
3. The State’s Expert Witness ................................. 160
4. Sample Cross Examination ................................. 160

8.6 Direct Examination ................................................... 166

1. Should the Defendant Testify? ............................ 166
2. Introduction .................................................... 167
3. Just the facts ................................................... 167
4. Denial ............................................................. 167
5. Passengers ........................................................... 167

8.7 Closing Argument ..................................................... 168

8.8 Jury Instructions ....................................................... 169

1. Improper Presumptions in Criminal Cases ......... 170

8.9 Sentencing ................................................................. 170

1. Sentencing is also Storytelling ............................ 170
2. The Client’s Allocution ....................................... 171
3. Mitigation Reports .............................................. 171
4. Home Monitoring ............................................... 171
5. Letters to the Judge ............................................. 172
6. Restitution ............................................................ 172

Endnotes .......................................................................... 174

Chapter 9: OWI Investigations: Driving and Field

Sobriety Testing ............................................................. 177

9.1 Overview: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

(NHTSA) ............................................................. 177

9.2 Driving Behavior ...................................................... 178

9.3 Standardized Field Sobriety Testing (SFST) Validation

Studies ............................................................................. 190

9.4 Analysis and Summary of the SFST Validation

Studies ............................................................................. 191

9.5 Standardized Field Sobriety Test Battery .................. 198

9.6 Three Doctrines of Field Sobriety Test Evidence Admissibility:

Lay Opinion under 701, Expert Opinion under

702, or a Combination of the Two .................................. 200

1. Wisconsin Implicitly Adopts the Middle

Ground ................................................................ 201

9.7 Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) ......................... 201

9.8 Walk and Turn ........................................................... 207

9.9 One-Leg-Stand .......................................................... 211

9.10 Commonly Used Non-Standardized/Non-Validated

Field Sobriety Tests ........................................................ 214

9.11 Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement

(ARIDE) ......................................................................... 216

9.12 Field Sobriety Testing in the Marine

Environment .................................................................... 219

9.13 Videotaping the Driving and Investigation ............. 226

References ....................................................................... 226

Appendix 9.1: The Aging Process and Field Sobriety

Tests ................................................................................ 230

Appendix 9.2: DWI: Modern Day Salem Witch Hunts .. 242

Appendix 9.3: Fear and the DWI Field Sobriety Tests ... 247

Appendix 9.4: The Fallacy of the Police Administered ‘Finger

to Nose’ Test to Determine Alcoholic Sobriety ........ 253

Chapter 10: Drug Recognition Evaluation ................. 255

10.1 Overview ................................................................. 255

10.2 DRE Nationwide Law Comparison ........................ 258

10.3 DRE Admissibility Case Law ................................. 258

10.4 The 12-Step DRE Protocol ..................................... 260

10.5 Deconstruction and Analysis of the 12-Step DRE

Protocol ........................................................................... 262

10.6 Effects of Various Drugs ......................................... 264

10.7 Drug Evaluation Classification Protocol (DECP)

Training Program ............................................................ 265

10.8 Wisconsin DRE Law ............................................... 268

Chapter 11: Chemical Testing ...................................... 271

11.1 Introduction ............................................................. 271

11.2 The Law of Breath Testing ...................................... 272

11.3 Preliminary Breath Testing ..................................... 273

1. PBT Devices ....................................................... 274

iii Wisconsin OWI Defense: The Law and Practice, Second Edition

11.4 Henry’s Law and the Blood-to-Breath Ratio .......... 276

11.5 Federal Register ...................................................... 281

11.6. Introduction to Breath Testing ............................... 282

1. Introduction to Breath Testing Instruments ........ 282
2. Intoximeter EC/IR-II® ........................................ 284
3. General Operating Principles .............................. 284
4. Principles of Fuel Cell Sensor ............................ 285
5. Principles of Infrared Cell ................................... 285
6. Principles and Theory of Dry Gas Standards ....... 286
7. Gas Tank Instrument Errors ................................ 287
8. Interferents .......................................................... 287
9. The Operating Environment ................................. 287
10. Radio Frequency Interference Issues in

Wisconsin ............................................................ 288

1. Intoximeter EC/IR-II® Printouts ........................ 288
2. Evidential Test Errors .......................................... 288
3. Warning Messages .............................................. 290
4. Maintenance ........................................................ 291

11.7 Breath Testing: Methods of Attack ......................... 291

1. Machine-Based Attacks ...................................... 291
2. Warranty ......................................................... 291
3. Maintenance and calibration checks .............. 291
4. Linearity of calibration and range of

calibration .......................................................... 291

4. IntoxNet (a.k.a. downloaded data) ................. 291
5. Residual Mouth Alcohol ..................................... 292
6. Breath Holding .................................................... 293
7. Subject-Based Attacks ........................................ 299
8. Breathing patterns .......................................... 299
9. Breath temperature ......................................... 299
10. Body temperature ........................................... 300
11. Hematocrit ..................................................... 300
12. Ultra low carbohydrate diets or diabetes ....... 301
13. Partition Ratio ..................................................... 301

11.8 Simulators and Standards ........................................ 301

1. Wet-Bath Simulators ........................................... 301
2. Dry-gas standards ................................................ 302

11.9 Basic Metrology, Blood Alcohol, and Blood Drug

Testing. The Philosophy of Science Andrew Mishlove .. 302

1. Blood Alcohol, Drug Testing and Metrology ..... 302
2. Science, Metrology, and Analytic Chemistry ...... 303
3. Basic Blood Alcohol and Blood Drug Analysis .. 304
4. Chromatography and Detection Systems ............ 304
5. Mass Spectrometry .............................................. 305
6. Spectral Libraries, Probabilities, and Judgment

Calls ......................................................................... 306

11.10 Blood Alcohol Testing: From the Vein to the

Lab .................................................................................. 307

1. Blood Test Kit ..................................................... 307
2. The Medical Technician ...................................... 309
3. Quality Control Function .................................... 310
4. Blood Draw Function .......................................... 310
5. Evidence Officer.................................................. 313
6. Preparation of the Sample for Testing ................. 313

11.11 Headspace Gas Chromatography .......................... 314

References ....................................................................... 323

Chapter 12: Blood Alcohol Calculations for

Attorneys ........................................................................ 325

12.1 Blood Alcohol Calculations for Attorneys .............. 325

12.2 Determining the One-Drink Potential ..................... 325

12.3 Elimination and Retrograde Extrapolation ............. 326

12.4 White’s Retrograde Extrapolation ........................... 326

12.5 Partition Ratio Conversions .................................... 327

12.6 Serum and Plasma Conversions .............................. 328

12.7 Unit Conversions .................................................... 329

12.8 Temperature Conversions ....................................... 329

12.9 Hinz Chart ............................................................... 330

Endnotes .......................................................................... 330

Chapter 13: Expert Witnesses...................................... 331

13.1 Overview ................................................................. 331

13.2 Pretrial Preparation ................................................. 331

13.3 Direct Examination of the Defense Expert

Witness ............................................................................ 332

13.4 Cross of the State’s Expert Witness ........................ 333

13.5 Direct Examination of the State’s Expert as a Defense

Witness ............................................................................ 334

13.6 Who is an Expert? Expert versus Lay Opinion Testimony

............................................................................... 335

13.7 Field Sobriety Test Evidence: Lay Opinion Under 701

or Expert Opinion Under 702 ......................................... 335

13.8 The Decision as to Whether to Use a Defense

Expert .............................................................................. 336

13.9 Daubert and Qualification of the Expert ................. 337

13.10 Direct Examination of the Defense Expert

Witness ............................................................................ 337

Endnotes .......................................................................... 338

Chapter 14: Forms and Appendices ............................ 339

14.1 Administrative Review and Judicial Review .......... 339

14.2 Appeals .................................................................... 345

14.3 Discovery ................................................................ 350

14.4 Initial Pleadings ...................................................... 365

14.5 Medical Forms ........................................................ 373

14.6 Motions ................................................................... 375

14.7 Open Record Requests ............................................ 394

14.8 Refusal .................................................................... 399

14.9 Sentencing Forms .................................................... 403

14.10 Stipulations ........................................................... 409

14.11 Subpoena Duces Tecum ........................................ 416

14.12 Substitution Forms ................................................ 417

14.13 Retainer Forms and New Client Packet ................ 419

About the Authors ......................................................... 441

Index ............................................................................... 443

 

Table of Cases